Low-frequency stimulation currents in the nerves produce pulse-synchronised action potentials
which can be used to relieve pain, improve blood circulation and stimulate the muscular system.
therapeutic effects in the muscles. The shape and frequency of the impulses determine the different desired
therapeutic effect.
Broad pulses with a significant galvanic component, such as diadynamic currents
are suitable for stimulating larger areas and primarily stimulate the sensory nerves of the skin. The narrow
pulses such as high voltage galvanic currents bypass the capacitive resistance of the skin,
stimulate primarily the deeper sensory and motor nerve fibres.
Physical, chemical and biological effects of ultrasound:
Ultrasound radiation penetrates tissues of different consistencies with different propagation speeds
In different tissues, ultrasound travels at different speeds of propagation and is reflected at so-called interfaces. The more dense the tissue, the greater the transmission of ultrasound.
the higher the speed. In soft tissues 1500 m/sec, in bones 3000 m/sec, in metals 5000 m/sec
in metals and metals with a velocity of 5000 m/sec. The longitudinal waves, consisting of thickening and thinning, are transported in the different
different densities of tissues with different vibration rates, so that friction between tissues is called "friction".
micromassage, which leads to heat formation. The micromassage and the formation of thermal
physical effects of ultrasound, but a significant part of the heat formation is not due to the
friction between the tissue, but is due to the energy absorbed. Endogenous thermal imaging is the main
in different biological tissues. Bone is the most affected, followed by ligaments, tendons, muscles and finally the least affected tissue.
fatty tissue. Due to the reflection of ultrasound radiation, there is increased heating of the
the so-called boundary layers.
In terms of biological effects, the following functional changes have been observed as a result of radiation
functions have been demonstrated:
- treatment of arthrosis
- treatment of arthritis (arthritis)
- reduction of muscular pain due to muscle stiffness
- reduction of muscle pain (myofascial trigger points)
- treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
It is important to know that the greater the intensity of ultrasound, the deeper it penetrates the body.
Therefore, if you want to treat the skin or tissues close to the skin, you need a low intensity and a
treatment time may be longer. When treating deep lying tissue, higher intensity and shorter treatment times are needed.
treatment time is the right choice.
Some treatment suggestions:
Treatment of the spine
Treatments above the spine should only be carried out
paravertebral - next to the spine. In practice, cervical spine complaints are treated in the upper
the upper back, so the field boundaries for cervical spine treatment at the occiput
(occipital bone), starting at the upper edge of the trapezius (hood) muscle and then the shoulder, before the upper scapula,
and then returns to the occiput, the occipital bone.
The dorsal and lumbar spine
two or two on each side of the spine
paravertebral (adjacent to the spine) fields
treatment can be carried out in each of the paravertebral
Shoulder joint
The three parts of the deltoid muscle
three ultrasound
fields.
The elbow and wrist joint
In general, the relevant literature
treatment fields are not described in the literature, as this
two regions are not commonly treated with ultrasound.
Tendinitis on the flexor side of the forearm
tendonitis (tendonitis) and tendovaginitis (tendonitis) are often treated with
ultrasound treatment.
The hip joint
treatment in three fields - gluteal (the gluteus maximus), inguinal (the inguinal crease) and trochanteric (the
the large tubercle of the femur).
The outer or inner ankle
and above the Achilles tendon, tendovaginitis (tendonitis) or tendinitis
(tendinitis), ultrasound irradiation is performed.
The palm
Dupuitren's contracture (usually in men
III-V fingers, or in the case of
arthritis of the small joints of the fingers
can be performed according to the area affected
ultrasound irradiation.
Arthritis of the temporomandibular joint
(arthritis of the temporal and temporomandibular joints), a small field of
irradiation.
The knee joint
ultrasound treatment of the knee joint is the irradiation of the peripatellar field, which is most likely to miss the patella (the kneecap).
is the best proven method of treatment. If the patient
also reports pain in the knee joint, the
peripatellar (around the kneecap) treatment is
knee with the peripapillary treatment.
Of course, if the patient's knee is medial
(inner) or lateral (outer) side of the knee, the
pain, treatment of the lateral fields is also
is also possible.
The irradiance of the ultrasound power
clearly depends on the field
in the field and their mass.
For example, when irradiating the hip joint, the gluteus
(gluteal muscles), a higher power
0,7 to 0,8 W/cm2
-is required,
than for the inguinal region, containing nerves
0,3-0,4 W/cm2
or in the trochanter
where the bone is superficially located. A
over the paravertebral fields of the spine are usually
0,5 W/cm2
is the appropriate dose setting.
Of course this clearly depends on the patient
the patient's muscle mass.
When treating the temporomandibular (masseter) joint, 0.2-0.3 W/cm2
-is rarely used.
be used. In contrast, the maximum dose setting for the treatment of scars is in most cases
justified in most cases.
The treatment time in Hungarian practice is 3-5 minutes per field. In other countries 10 minutes
treatment times are also used. All the literature agrees that more than 20 minutes per day
longer than 20 minutes! There is also an opinion that the maximum treatment time is 15 minutes,
because experience has shown that setting a longer treatment time does not achieve better results
results.
The maximum treatment time is usually 75-100 cm2
treatment area.
Treatments should preferably be carried out daily or at least every second day. Two or one treatment per week
or once a week treatments have, in our experience, a much weaker therapeutic effect. The
contrary to the literature, it is now possible to have 2 to 3 courses of treatment per year, but 10 to 12 courses of treatment per year are not
should not be given more than 10-10 treatments in a series!
